生活型

shrub-herb

形態特徵

• An erect annual herb or undershrub, 0.6–1.5 m high; old stems greyish brown, glabrous, rough, longitudinally grooved; young branches and floral axes terete, brownish-green, densely covered with stellate and simple pubescence.
• Leaves chartaceous, broadly ovate-rhomboid or elliptic, variable in shape, 4–9.5 cm long, 4–8.5 cm wide, abruptly acuminate at apex, obtuse or rounded at base, 3-nerved, irregularly and bluntly serrate-dentate; upper surface green, densely covered with simple pubescence; lower surface greyish-white, densely covered with simple and stellate pubescence; lower leaves usually 3-lobed, upper ones slightly lobed or not; petioles 0.25–7 cm long, densely covered with brown, stellate pubescence; stipules 2, fugacious, 0.3 cm long.
• . Inflorescence axillary or terminal; cymes of 3–5 cymules condensed in dense nodose clusters; peduncles 2 mm long or nearly so; pedicels less than 1 mm long; bracteoles narrowly ovate, 1.5–2.5 mm long; buds oblong, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm thick, expanded at apex; sepals 5, 4.5–5.5 mm long, 0.7-0.8 mm wide, linear, deeply cucullate at apex, truncate at base, glabrous to glabrescent without, brown and glabrous within; petals 5, 3–4.5 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, narrowly obovate, yellow; gono¬phore very short, less than 0.3 mm long; glands small, oblong-circular; stamens 10; filaments glabrous, retrorsely serrate, 2.5–3 mm long; ovary orbicular-elliptic, about 1.0 mm long; spinules numerous, recurved upward; style 0.9–2.8 mm long, slim; stigma acutely 2-dentate.
• Capsules small, spinose, indehiscent, orbicular-ovoid, in dense nodose clusters; capsules 3–4 mm in diameter at maturity, densely covered with hoary hairs; spines 75–100, 1–2 mm long, glabrous, hooked at tip; loculi 3(–4), 1(–2)-seeded in each; seeds (2-)4(–6), semiovoid, 2–2.5 x 1.5 mm.

物候

Flowering time from September to December.

分布

• 台灣 : In fields, waste lands or on open hills
• 世界 : Tropical Asia and Africa.

引證標本

TAIPEI: Nankang, Chuang 4653; Pitan, Chuang & Kao 5502. TAOYUAN: Sanshia, Sasaki s. n. 1910. HSINCHU: Taping, Kawakami 5995. TAICHUNG: Anmashan, Liu et al. 008; Sun Moon Lake, Kudo & Sasaki s. n. 1929. NANTOU: Wushe, Tanaka 377. YUNLIN: Touliu, Matsuyama s. n. 1914. TAINAN: Sasaki s. n. 1915; Chiali, Morimoto s. n. 1941. KAOHSIUNG: Kaohsiung, s. n. 1919. PINGTUNG: Pingtung, Matuda s. n. 1916. TAITUNG: Kawakami & Kobayashi s. n. 1906.

參考文獻

• LIU, TANG-SHUI and LO, HANN-CHIANG, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 3: 733. .  (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)